The enhancement of a high molecular weight protein (Ovalbumin; OVA) penetration based on the photothermal effect of a surfactant-protein-gold nanorod complex was addressed. When the surfactant-protein-gold nanorod complex was applied to the skin in vitro and irradiated by a near infrared (NIR) light, OVA was delivered through the skin and also induced an immune response in vivo. This combination provides a new approach for trandermal delivery and skin vaccination of high molecular weight proteins/drugs.
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